Complex Numbers
Powers of Complex Roots — Polar Form
nta_pyq_2024_jan
Grade 11

Question:

Let $\alpha,\beta$ be the roots of the equation $x^2-\sqrt{6}x+3=0$ such that $\text{Im}(\alpha)>\text{Im}(\beta)$. Let $a,b$ be integers not divisible by 3 and $n$ be a natural number such that $\frac{\alpha^{99}}{\beta}+\alpha^{98}=3^n(a+ib)$, $i=\sqrt{-1}$. Then $n+a+b$ is equal to ______.

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: Roots: $x=\frac{\sqrt{6}\pm i\sqrt{6}}{2}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}(1\pm i)=\sqrt{3}e^{\pm i\pi/4}$. So $\alpha=\sqrt{3}e^{i\pi/4}$, $\beta=\sqrt{3}e^{-i\pi/4}$. Compute $\frac{\alpha^{99}}{\beta}+\alpha^{98}=\alpha^{98}(\frac{\alpha}{\beta}+1)$ using polar form.
Step 1: Determine the roots $\alpha$ and $\beta$. The given quadratic equation is $x^2-\sqrt{6}x+3=0$. Using the quadratic formula, $x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$: $$x = \frac{\sqrt{6} \pm \sqrt{(\sqrt{6})^2 - 4(1)(3)}}{2(1)}$$ $$x = \frac{\sqrt{6} \pm \sqrt{6 - 12}}{2}$$ $$x = \frac{\sqrt{6} \pm \sqrt{-6}}{2}$$ $$x = \frac{\sqrt{6} \pm i\sqrt{6}}{2}$$ The roots are $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}$ and $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}$. In polar form, $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} + i\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} = \sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2} \left(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) + i\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right) = \sqrt{\frac{6}{4}+\frac{6}{4}} e^{i\pi/4} = \sqrt{3}e^{i\pi/4}$. And $\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} - i\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} = \sqrt{3}e^{-i\pi/4}$. Given $\text{Im}(\alpha)>\text{Im}(\beta)$, we have $\alpha = \sqrt{3}e^{i\pi/4}$ and $\beta = \sqrt{3}e^{-i\pi/4}$. Step 2: Simplify the expression $\frac{\alpha^{99}}{\beta}+\alpha^{98}$. The expression is $\frac{\alpha^{99}}{\beta}+\alpha^{98}$. Factor out $\alpha^{98}$: $$\frac{\alpha^{99}}{\beta}+\alpha^{98} = \alpha^{98}\left(\frac{\alpha}{\beta}+1\right)$$ First, calculate $\frac{\alpha}{\beta}$: $$\frac{\alpha}{\beta} = \frac{\sqrt{3}e^{i\pi/4}}{\sqrt{3}e^{-i\pi/4}} = e^{i(\pi/4 - (-\pi/4))} = e^{i\pi/2} = i$$ Substitute this into the expression: $$\alpha^{98}\left(\frac{\alpha}{\beta}+1\right) = \alpha^{98}(i+1)$$ Step 3: Calculate $\alpha^{98}$. $$\alpha^{98} = (\sqrt{3}e^{i\pi/4})^{98} = (\sqrt{3})^{98} (e^{i\pi/4})^{98} = 3^{98/2} e^{i98\pi/4} = 3^{49} e^{i49\pi/2}$$ Simplify the exponent of $e$: $$e^{i49\pi/2} = e^{i(24\pi + \pi/2)} = e^{i\pi/2} = i$$ So, $\alpha^{98} = 3^{49}i$. Step 4: Substitute $\alpha^{98}$ back into the expression. $$\alpha^{98}(i+1) = (3^{49}i)(1+i)$$ $$= 3^{49}(i+i^2)$$ $$= 3^{49}(i-1)$$ $$= 3^{49}(-1+i)$$ Step 5: Compare with $3^n(a+ib)$ and find $n+a+b$. We have $3^{49}(-1+i) = 3^n(a+ib)$. By comparison, $n=49$, $a=-1$, and $b=1$. The integers $a=-1$ and $b=1$ are not divisible by 3. The natural number $n=49$ is consistent. Therefore, $n+a+b = 49 + (-1) + 1 = 49$.
Correct Answer: 49

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