A bag contains lemon flavoured candies only. Malini takes out one candy without looking into the bag. What is the probability that she takes out (i) an orange flavoured candy? (ii) a lemon flavoured candy?
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Probability is defined as the ratio of the number of favourable outcomes to the total number of equally likely outcomes. An impossible event has probability 0, while a certain event has probability 1.
Step 1: Identify the total number of possible outcomes. Since the bag contains only lemon flavoured candies, every candy drawn will be lemon. Hence, total outcomes = 1 (lemon).
Step 2: (i) Probability of drawing an orange flavoured candy.
- Favourable outcomes for orange = 0 (no orange candy in the bag).
- Using the definition, $$P(\text{orange}) = \frac{0}{1} = 0.$$ Therefore, the probability is 0.
Step 3: (ii) Probability of drawing a lemon flavoured candy.
- Favourable outcomes for lemon = 1 (the only candy present).
- $$P(\text{lemon}) = \frac{1}{1} = 1.$$ Hence, the probability is 1.
Correct Answer: (i) $0$ (ii) $1$