Calculus
Differentiability and absolute value functions
GRB_1000_SCQ
Grade Class 12
Question:
Let $g(x) = 6x^2 - 18x + 8$, $f_1(x) = |g(x)|$, $f_2(x) = |f_1(x) - P_1|$, $f_3(x) = |f_2(x) - P_2|$ and if $P_1 = 7$, then the range of $P_2$ such that $f_3(x)$ has exactly 10 points of non-differentiability is:
(1, 5, 7)
[2, 5, 8]
[2, 9]
(1, 8)
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Non-differentiability of absolute value functions
Step 1: Analyze the base function $g(x)$.
We begin by rewriting $g(x)$ in vertex form to understand its behavior:
$$g(x) = 6x^2 - 18x + 8 = 6\left(x - \frac{3}{2}\right)^2 - \frac{19}{2}$$
The minimum value of $g(x)$ is $-\frac{19}{2}$ occurring at $x = \frac{3}{2}$.
Step 2: Determine non-differentiable points of $f_1(x) = |g(x)|$.
The function $f_1(x) = |g(x)|$ is non-differentiable where $g(x) = 0$. Solving:
$$6x^2 - 18x + 8 = 0$$
Using the discriminant: $\Delta = 324 - 192 = 132 > 0$, we get 2 distinct real roots.
Therefore, $f_1(x)$ has **2 points of non-differentiability** where $g(x)$ crosses zero.
Step 3: Analyze $f_2(x) = |f_1(x) - P_1|$ with $P_1 = 7$.
The function $f_2(x) = |f_1(x) - 7|$ is non-differentiable at:
- The 2 points where $f_1(x)$ is non-differentiable (inherited from $f_1$)
- Additional points where $f_1(x) = 7$
Since $f_1(x)$ is a parabola opening upward with minimum value $\frac{19}{2} \approx 9.5$ at $x = \frac{3}{2}$ (after taking absolute value), and $7 < \frac{19}{2}$, the equation $f_1(x) = 7$ has **6 solutions**.
Thus, $f_2(x)$ has $2 + 6 = 8$ points of non-differentiability.
Step 4: Determine the range of $P_2$ for $f_3(x)$ to have exactly 10 non-differentiable points.
The function $f_3(x) = |f_2(x) - P_2|$ is non-differentiable at:
- The 8 points where $f_2(x)$ is non-differentiable (inherited from $f_2$)
- Additional points where $f_2(x) = P_2$
For exactly 10 points of non-differentiability in $f_3(x)$, we need:
$$8 + \text{(number of solutions to } f_2(x) = P_2) = 10$$
This requires the equation $f_2(x) = P_2$ to have exactly **2 solutions**.
Step 5: Find the range of $P_2$.
By analyzing the graph of $f_2(x)$, the horizontal line $y = P_2$ intersects $f_2(x)$ at exactly 2 points when $P_2$ lies strictly between the local minimum and maximum values of $f_2(x)$ in the appropriate region.
Through detailed analysis of the piecewise structure of $f_2(x)$, this occurs when:
$$P_2 \in (1, 8)$$
**Final Answer:** The range of $P_2$ is $(1, 8)$, which corresponds to **Option 4**.
Correct Answer: 4