The value of $\displaystyle\sum_{m=1}^{\infty} \left( \tan^{-1}\left( \dfrac{3m^2 - 3m + 1}{m^6 - 3m^5 + 3m^4 - m^3 + 1} \right) \right)$ equals:
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Telescoping series using the identity $\tan^{-1}a - \tan^{-1}b = \tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{1+ab}\right)$
Step 1: Simplify the denominator by recognizing a key algebraic identity.
We need to verify that the denominator can be written as a product plus 1. Let's check:
$$m^6 - 3m^5 + 3m^4 - m^3 + 1 = m^3(m-1)^3 + 1$$
Expanding the right side: $m^3(m-1)^3 = m^3(m^3 - 3m^2 + 3m - 1) = m^6 - 3m^5 + 3m^4 - m^3$
Therefore: $m^3(m-1)^3 + 1 = m^6 - 3m^5 + 3m^4 - m^3 + 1$ ✓
Step 2: Simplify the numerator by recognizing another algebraic identity.
We claim that:
$$3m^2 - 3m + 1 = m^3 - (m-1)^3$$
Expanding the right side:
$$(m-1)^3 = m^3 - 3m^2 + 3m - 1$$
Therefore:
$$m^3 - (m-1)^3 = m^3 - (m^3 - 3m^2 + 3m - 1) = 3m^2 - 3m + 1$$ ✓
Step 3: Apply the inverse tangent subtraction formula.
Recall the identity: $\tan^{-1}(a) - \tan^{-1}(b) = \tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{a-b}{1+ab}\right)$
Let $a = m^3$ and $b = (m-1)^3$. Then:
$$\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac{m^3 - (m-1)^3}{1 + m^3(m-1)^3}\right) = \tan^{-1}(m^3) - \tan^{-1}((m-1)^3)$$
Step 4: Recognize the telescoping series structure.
The original sum becomes:
$$S = \sum_{m=1}^{\infty} \left[\tan^{-1}(m^3) - \tan^{-1}((m-1)^3)\right]$$
Writing out the first few terms:
$$S = \left[\tan^{-1}(1^3) - \tan^{-1}(0^3)\right] + \left[\tan^{-1}(2^3) - \tan^{-1}(1^3)\right] + \left[\tan^{-1}(3^3) - \tan^{-1}(2^3)\right] + \cdots$$
Step 5: Evaluate the telescoping sum.
Most terms cancel, leaving only:
$$S = \lim_{N \to \infty} \tan^{-1}(N^3) - \tan^{-1}(0)$$
As $N \to \infty$, we have $\tan^{-1}(N^3) \to \dfrac{\pi}{2}$
Also, $\tan^{-1}(0) = 0$
Therefore:
$$S = \frac{\pi}{2} - 0 = \frac{\pi}{2}$$
**Final Answer:** The value of the infinite series is $\boxed{\dfrac{\pi}{2}}$, which corresponds to **Option 1**.
Correct Answer: 4