The circle $x^2 + y^2 + 6x - 24y + 72 = 0$ and $x^2 - y^2 + 6x + 16y - 46 = 0$ intersect at four points. The sum of distances from these four points to the point $(-3, 2)$ is $10k$. Then value of $k$ is equal to ___.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Use algebraic manipulation of circle/curve equations to find intersection points and then apply distance formula with the constraint on sum of ordinates.
Step 1: Identify the given equations of the curves.
The two given curves are:
Equation 1: $C_1: x^2 + y^2 + 6x - 24y + 72 = 0$
Equation 2: $C_2: x^2 - y^2 + 6x + 16y - 46 = 0$
Step 2: Find the equations that define the intersection points by combining the given equations.
To find the coordinates of the intersection points, we add and subtract the two equations.
Adding Equation 1 and Equation 2:
$$ (x^2 + y^2 + 6x - 24y + 72) + (x^2 - y^2 + 6x + 16y - 46) = 0 $$
$$ 2x^2 + 12x - 8y + 26 = 0 $$
Divide by 2:
$$ x^2 + 6x - 4y + 13 = 0 $$
Complete the square for the $x$ terms:
$$ (x^2 + 6x + 9) - 9 - 4y + 13 = 0 $$
$$ (x+3)^2 - 4y + 4 = 0 $$
$$ (x+3)^2 = 4(y-1) \quad (*) $$
Subtracting Equation 2 from Equation 1:
$$ (x^2 + y^2 + 6x - 24y + 72) - (x^2 - y^2 + 6x + 16y - 46) = 0 $$
$$ 2y^2 - 40y + 118 = 0 $$
Divide by 2:
$$ y^2 - 20y + 59 = 0 \quad (**) $$
Step 3: Solve the quadratic equation for $y$ to find the $y$-coordinates of the intersection points.
The quadratic equation for $y$ is $y^2 - 20y + 59 = 0$.
Let the roots of this equation be $y_1$ and $y_2$.
By Vieta's formulas, the sum of the roots is $y_1 + y_2 = -(-20)/1 = 20$.
The product of the roots is $y_1 y_2 = 59/1 = 59$.
Since both the sum and product are positive, both roots $y_1$ and $y_2$ must be positive.
For each $y$ value ($y_1$ and $y_2$), from equation $(*)$, we have $(x+3)^2 = 4(y-1)$.
Since $y_1, y_2 > 0$ and $y_1, y_2 \ne 1$ (as $1^2 - 20(1) + 59 = 40 \ne 0$), we have $y-1 > 0$.
Thus, for each $y_i$, there are two distinct values for $x$: $x+3 = \pm 2\sqrt{y_i-1}$.
This means there are four distinct intersection points. Let these points be $(x_j, y_j)$ where $j=1,2,3,4$.
Two points will have $y$-coordinate $y_1$, and the other two will have $y$-coordinate $y_2$.
Step 4: Express the distance from an intersection point $(x,y)$ to the point $P(-3,2)$ in terms of $y$.
Let $(x,y)$ be any of the four intersection points, and let $P_0 = (-3,2)$.
The distance $d$ between $(x,y)$ and $P_0$ is given by the distance formula:
$$ d = \sqrt{(x - (-3))^2 + (y - 2)^2} = \sqrt{(x+3)^2 + (y-2)^2} $$
From equation $(*)$ in Step 2, we know that $(x+3)^2 = 4(y-1)$.
Substitute this into the distance formula:
$$ d = \sqrt{4(y-1) + (y-2)^2} $$
$$ d = \sqrt{4y - 4 + y^2 - 4y + 4} $$
$$ d = \sqrt{y^2} $$
Since we established in Step 3 that the $y$-coordinates ($y_1, y_2$) are positive, we have $\sqrt{y^2} = |y| = y$.
So, the distance from any intersection point $(x,y)$ to $P_0(-3,2)$ is $d=y$.
Step 5: Calculate the sum of these distances for all four intersection points.
Let the four intersection points be $(x_{1a}, y_1)$, $(x_{1b}, y_1)$, $(x_{2a}, y_2)$, and $(x_{2b}, y_2)$.
The sum of the distances from these four points to $P_0(-3,2)$ is:
$$ \sum_{j=1}^4 d_j = y_1 + y_1 + y_2 + y_2 $$
$$ \sum_{j=1}^4 d_j = 2y_1 + 2y_2 = 2(y_1 + y_2) $$
From Step 3, we know that $y_1 + y_2 = 20$.
Therefore, the sum of the distances is $2(20) = 40$.
Step 6: Equate the sum of distances to $10k$ and solve for $k$.
The problem states that the sum of distances from these four points to the point $(-3,2)$ is $10k$.
We found the sum of distances to be $40$.
So, we have:
$$ 10k = 40 $$
$$ k = \frac{40}{10} $$
$$ k = 4 $$
The final answer is $\boxed{4}$.
Correct Answer: 4