Properties of Triangles
Incircle and tangent lengths
GRB_1000_SCQ
Grade Class 12
Question:
In $\triangle ABC$, if incircle touches the sides $AB$, $BC$ and $CA$ at $P$, $Q$ and $R$ respectively and $s - a = 3$, $s - b = 5$ and $s - c = 7$, then area of the quadrilateral $QCRI$ is, where $I$ is incentre of $\triangle ABC$:
$\sqrt{7}$
$5\sqrt{7}$
$3\sqrt{7}$
$7\sqrt{7}$
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Properties of incircle and tangent lengths
Step 1: Find the semi-perimeter $s$ using the given conditions.
We are given that $s - a = 3$, $s - b = 5$, and $s - c = 7$.
Adding these three equations:
$$(s-a) + (s-b) + (s-c) = 3 + 5 + 7$$
$$3s - (a+b+c) = 15$$
Since $a + b + c = 2s$, we have:
$$3s - 2s = 15$$
$$s = 15$$
Step 2: Determine the side lengths of the triangle.
Using $s = 15$ and the given conditions:
$$a = s - (s-a) = 15 - 3 = 12$$
$$b = s - (s-b) = 15 - 5 = 10$$
$$c = s - (s-c) = 15 - 7 = 8$$
Step 3: Calculate the area of triangle $ABC$ using Heron's formula.
$$\Delta = \sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)} = \sqrt{15 \cdot 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7}$$
$$\Delta = \sqrt{1575} = \sqrt{225 \cdot 7} = 15\sqrt{7}$$
Step 4: Find the inradius of the triangle.
The inradius is given by:
$$r = \frac{\Delta}{s} = \frac{15\sqrt{7}}{15} = \sqrt{7}$$
Step 5: Identify the key properties of quadrilateral $QCRI$.
The incircle touches side $BC$ at $Q$ and side $CA$ at $R$. By the property of tangents from an external point to a circle:
$$CQ = CR = s - c = 7$$
Since $I$ is the incenter, the radii $IQ$ and $IR$ are perpendicular to the sides $BC$ and $CA$ respectively:
$$IQ \perp BC \text{ and } IR \perp CA$$
Both radii equal the inradius:
$$IQ = IR = r = \sqrt{7}$$
Step 6: Calculate the area of quadrilateral $QCRI$.
The quadrilateral $QCRI$ can be divided into two triangles: $\triangle QCI$ and $\triangle RCI$.
For $\triangle QCI$: The base is $CQ = 7$ and the height (perpendicular distance from $I$ to $BC$) is $IQ = \sqrt{7}$.
$$\text{Area of } \triangle QCI = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CQ \cdot IQ = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 7 \cdot \sqrt{7}$$
For $\triangle RCI$: The base is $CR = 7$ and the height (perpendicular distance from $I$ to $CA$) is $IR = \sqrt{7}$.
$$\text{Area of } \triangle RCI = \frac{1}{2} \cdot CR \cdot IR = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 7 \cdot \sqrt{7}$$
Therefore, the total area of quadrilateral $QCRI$ is:
$$\text{Area of } QCRI = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 7 \cdot \sqrt{7} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 7 \cdot \sqrt{7} = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{7}(7 + 7) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{7} \cdot 14 = 7\sqrt{7}$$
**Final Answer:** The area of quadrilateral $QCRI$ is $\boxed{7\sqrt{7}}$, which corresponds to **Option 4**.
Correct Answer: 4