Vector Algebra
Cross product and dot product
Grade 12

Question:

<p>Let <span>\(\vec{b} = x\hat{i} + y\hat{j} + z\hat{k}\)</span>. It is given that <span>\(\vec{a} \times \vec{b} + \vec{c} = 0\)</span>, <span>\(\vec{c} = -\vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \vec{b} \times \vec{a}\)</span>, and <span>\(\vec{c}\)</span> is normal to <span>\(\vec{b}\)</span>. Also <span>\(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = 3\)</span>. Then <span>\(\vec{b}\)</span> is:</p>
<p>\(-\hat{i} + \hat{j} - 2\hat{k}\)</p>
<p>\(\hat{i} - \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}\)</p>
<p>\(-\hat{i} - \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}\)</p>
<p>\(-\hat{i} + \hat{j} + 2\hat{k}\)</p>

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: Since $\vec{c} = \vec{b} \times \vec{a}$ is perpendicular to $\vec{b}$, we have $(\vec{b} \times \vec{a}) \cdot \vec{b} = 0$. This is always true by the property of cross product, but the constraint comes from $\vec{c} \perp \vec{b}$ combined with $\vec{a} \times \vec{b} + \vec{c} = 0$ and $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = 3$, which forces $\vec{b}$ to be parallel to $\vec{a}$.
Step 1: From the given condition $\vec{a} \times \vec{b} + \vec{c} = 0$, we have $\vec{c} = -\vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \vec{b} \times \vec{a}$. Step 2: Since $\vec{c}$ is normal (perpendicular) to $\vec{b}$, we have $\vec{c} \cdot \vec{b} = 0$. This means $(\vec{b} \times \vec{a}) \cdot \vec{b} = 0$, which is always true by the cross product property. Step 3: For $\vec{c} \neq \vec{0}$ to be perpendicular to $\vec{b}$, vectors $\vec{a}$ and $\vec{b}$ cannot be parallel. However, the constraint $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = 3$ (non-zero) combined with $\vec{c} \perp \vec{b}$ forces $\vec{b}$ to be parallel to $\vec{a}$. Step 4: If $\vec{b} = \lambda\vec{a}$ for some scalar $\lambda > 0$, then $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = \vec{a} \cdot (\lambda\vec{a}) = \lambda|\vec{a}|^2 = 3$, and $\vec{b} \times \vec{a} = \lambda\vec{a} \times \vec{a} = \vec{0}$, making $\vec{c} = \vec{0}$ which satisfies all conditions. Step 5: Therefore, $\vec{b}$ is parallel to $\vec{a}$ with the specific relationship determined by $\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = 3$. ∴ Answer: A
Correct Answer: A

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