Trigonometry & Inverse Trigonometry
Trigonometric equations
Grade 11
Question:
<p>Let \(0 \leq \alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta \leq \pi\) where \(\beta\) and \(\gamma\) are not complementary such that<br/>\(2\cos \alpha + 6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma + 9\cos \delta = 0\) and \(2\sin \alpha - 6\sin \beta + 7\sin \gamma - 9\sin \delta = 0\)<br/>If \(\frac{\cos(\alpha + \delta)}{\cos(\beta + \gamma)} = \frac{m}{n}\) where \(m\) and \(n\) are relatively prime positive numbers, then the value of \((m + n)\) is equal to:</p>
<p>(a) 11</p>
<p>(b) 10</p>
<p>(c) 9</p>
<p>(d) 7</p>
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Treat the given equations as vector equations and group the coefficients with their respective trigonometric terms. Recognize that the two equations represent the real and imaginary parts of complex numbers, allowing us to find relationships between the angles.
Step 1: Rewrite and Group Equations
The given equations are:
$$2\cos \alpha + 6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma + 9\cos \delta = 0 \quad (1)$$
$$2\sin \alpha - 6\sin \beta + 7\sin \gamma - 9\sin \delta = 0 \quad (2)$$
Rearrange the terms to group coefficients $2$ with $9$ and $6$ with $7$:
From equation (1):
$$2\cos \alpha + 9\cos \delta = -(6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma)$$
From equation (2):
$$2\sin \alpha - 9\sin \delta = 6\sin \beta - 7\sin \gamma$$
Step 2: Square and Add the Rearranged Equations
Square both rearranged equations:
$$(2\cos \alpha + 9\cos \delta)^2 = (-(6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma))^2 = (6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma)^2$$
$$(2\sin \alpha - 9\sin \delta)^2 = (6\sin \beta - 7\sin \gamma)^2$$
Add the squared equations:
$$(2\cos \alpha + 9\cos \delta)^2 + (2\sin \alpha - 9\sin \delta)^2 = (6\cos \beta + 7\cos \gamma)^2 + (6\sin \beta - 7\sin \gamma)^2$$
Step 3: Expand and Simplify
Expand the left-hand side (LHS):
$$\text{LHS} = (4\cos^2 \alpha + 81\cos^2 \delta + 36\cos \alpha \cos \delta) + (4\sin^2 \alpha + 81\sin^2 \delta - 36\sin \alpha \sin \delta)$$
$$\text{LHS} = 4(\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha) + 81(\cos^2 \delta + \sin^2 \delta) + 36(\cos \alpha \cos \delta - \sin \alpha \sin \delta)$$
Using the identity $\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x = 1$ and the angle addition formula $\cos(A+B) = \cos A \cos B - \sin A \sin B$:
$$\text{LHS} = 4(1) + 81(1) + 36\cos(\alpha + \delta)$$
$$\text{LHS} = 85 + 36\cos(\alpha + \delta)$$
Expand the right-hand side (RHS):
$$\text{RHS} = (36\cos^2 \beta + 49\cos^2 \gamma + 84\cos \beta \cos \gamma) + (36\sin^2 \beta + 49\sin^2 \gamma - 84\sin \beta \sin \gamma)$$
$$\text{RHS} = 36(\cos^2 \beta + \sin^2 \beta) + 49(\cos^2 \gamma + \sin^2 \gamma) + 84(\cos \beta \cos \gamma - \sin \beta \sin \gamma)$$
Using the identity $\cos^2 x + \sin^2 x = 1$ and the angle addition formula $\cos(A+B) = \cos A \cos B - \sin A \sin B$:
$$\text{RHS} = 36(1) + 49(1) + 84\cos(\beta + \gamma)$$
$$\text{RHS} = 85 + 84\cos(\beta + \gamma)$$
Step 4: Equate and Determine the Ratio
Equating the LHS and RHS:
$$85 + 36\cos(\alpha + \delta) = 85 + 84\cos(\beta + \gamma)$$
$$36\cos(\alpha + \delta) = 84\cos(\beta + \gamma)$$
Since $\beta$ and $\gamma$ are not complementary, $\beta+\gamma \neq \frac{\pi}{2}$. Thus, $\cos(\beta+\gamma) \neq 0$, and we can divide by $\cos(\beta+\gamma)$:
$$\frac{\cos(\alpha + \delta)}{\cos(\beta + \gamma)} = \frac{84}{36}$$
Simplify the fraction:
$$\frac{84}{36} = \frac{12 \times 7}{12 \times 3} = \frac{7}{3}$$
Step 5: Find (m + n)
Given that $\frac{\cos(\alpha + \delta)}{\cos(\beta + \gamma)} = \frac{m}{n}$, we have $m=7$ and $n=3$.
These are relatively prime positive numbers.
The value of $(m+n)$ is:
$$m+n = 7+3 = 10$$
Correct Answer: D