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Circles
EXERCISE 10.2
CBSE_NCERT_TEXTBOOK
Grade 10

Question:

Prove that the angle between the two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle is supplementary to the angle subtended by the line-segment joining the points of contact at the centre.

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: Use the fact that a tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact. Form two right‑angled triangles with the centre, the external point and the points of contact, then apply the angle sum property of a triangle.
1. Let $O$ be the centre of the circle, $P$ the external point, and $A$, $B$ the points of contact of the two tangents $PA$ and $PB$.
2. Join $OA$ and $OB$. By the tangent‑radius theorem, $PA \perp OA$ and $PB \perp OB$; therefore $\angle OAP = \angle OBP = 90^{\circ}$.
3. Consider triangle $OAP$. The interior angles satisfy
$$\angle AOP + \angle OAP + \angle OPA = 180^{\circ}.$$
Substituting $\angle OAP = 90^{\circ}$ gives
$$\angle AOP = 180^{\circ} - 90^{\circ} - \angle OPA = 90^{\circ} - \angle OPA.$$
4. Similarly, for triangle $OBP$ we obtain
$$\angle BOP = 90^{\circ} - \angle OPB.$$
5. The angle between the two tangents at $P$ is $\angle APB = \angle OPA + \angle OPB$ (exterior angles of the two right‑angled triangles).
6. Add the two expressions obtained in steps 3 and 4:
\begin{align*}
\angle AOP + \angle BOP &= (90^{\circ} - \angle OPA) + (90^{\circ} - \angle OPB) \\
&= 180^{\circ} - (\angle OPA + \angle OPB) \\
&= 180^{\circ} - \angle APB.
\end{align*}
7. Hence
$$\angle APB + (\angle AOP + \angle BOP) = 180^{\circ}.$$
The angle $\angle AOP + \angle BOP$ is the angle subtended at the centre by the chord $AB$ (i.e., the line‑segment joining the points of contact). Therefore, the angle between the two tangents is supplementary to the central angle subtended by $AB$.
8. Concluding statement: \[\boxed{\angle \text{(tangents)} + \angle \text{(central angle)} = 180^{\circ}}\]

Correct Answer: The angle formed by the two tangents drawn from an external point is supplementary (i.e., adds up to $180^{\circ}$) to the angle subtended at the centre by the line segment joining the points of contact.
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