Lines and Planes in 3D
DAILY_CHALLENGE
Grade None
Question:
A straight line drawn from the point $P(1,3,2)$, parallel to the line $\dfrac{x-2}{1} = \dfrac{y-4}{2} = \dfrac{z-6}{1}$, intersects the plane $L_1 : x - y + 3z = 6$ at the point $Q$. Another straight line which passes through $Q$ and is perpendicular to the plane $L_1$ intersects the plane $L_2 : 2x - y + z = -4$ at the point $R$.
Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?
The length of the line segment $PQ$ is $\sqrt{6}$
The coordinates of $R$ are $(1,6,3)$
The centroid of the triangle $PQR$ is $\left( \dfrac{4}{3}, \dfrac{14}{3}, \dfrac{5}{3} \right)$
The perimeter of the triangle $PQR$ is $\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{6} + \sqrt{11}$
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Parametric representation of lines in 3D, intersections of lines with planes, and geometric calculations for triangle centroid and perimeter.
1) Find $Q$:
The line passing through $P(1, 3, 2)$ parallel to the given direction is:
$$x = 1 + \lambda, \quad y = 3 + 2\lambda, \quad z = 2 + \lambda$$
Substitute into plane $L_1 : x - y + 3z = 6$:
$$(1+\lambda) - (3+2\lambda) + 3(2+\lambda) = 6 \implies 2\lambda + 4 = 6 \implies \lambda = 1$$
So, $Q = (2, 5, 3)$.
The length of $PQ$ is:
$$PQ = \sqrt{(2-1)^2 + (5-3)^2 + (3-2)^2} = \sqrt{6} \quad \text{(Option A is True)}$$
2) Find $R$:
The line through $Q(2, 5, 3)$ perpendicular to $L_1$ is along the normal $\vec{n}_1 = (1, -1, 3)$:
$$x = 2 + \mu, \quad y = 5 - \mu, \quad z = 3 + 3\mu$$
Substitute into plane $L_2 : 2x - y + z = -4$:
$$2(2+\mu) - (5-\mu) + (3+3\mu) = -4 \implies 6\mu + 2 = -4 \implies \mu = -1$$
So, $R = (1, 6, 0)$ (Option B is False).
3) Centroid of $\triangle PQR$:
$$G = \left( \dfrac{1+2+1}{3}, \dfrac{3+5+6}{3}, \dfrac{2+3+0}{3} \right) = \left( \dfrac{4}{3}, \dfrac{14}{3}, \dfrac{5}{3} \right) \quad \text{(Option C is True)}$$
4) Perimeter of $\triangle PQR$:
- $PQ = \sqrt{6}$
- $QR = \sqrt{(1-2)^2 + (6-5)^2 + (0-3)^2} = \sqrt{1+1+9} = \sqrt{11}$
- $PR = \sqrt{(1-1)^2 + (6-3)^2 + (0-2)^2} = \sqrt{0+9+4} = \sqrt{13}$
Perimeter is $\sqrt{6} + \sqrt{11} + \sqrt{13}$ (Option D is False).
Thus, the correct options are A and C.
Correct Answer: A, C