Definite Integration
Definite — Nested
Grade 12
Question:
<p>Let \(I_1=\int_0^1\frac{e^x}{1+x}\,dx\), \(I_2=\int_0^1\frac{xe^x}{(1+x)^2}\,dx\). Find \(I_1-I_2\). [JEE Advanced 2005]</p>
\(\dfrac{e}{2}\)
\(e-1\)
\(\dfrac{e}{2}-1\)
\(0\)
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Note d/dx[eˣ/(1+x)] = eˣ/(1+x) - eˣ/(1+x)^2 = I_1-I_2 after integration... Actually evaluate via IBP on I_2.
<div class='solution'>
<p>IBP on \(I_2\): \(u=xe^x\), \(dv=\frac{dx}{(1+x)^2}\Rightarrow v=\frac{-1}{1+x}\).</p>
<p>\[I_2=\left[\frac{-xe^x}{1+x}\right]_0^1+\int_0^1\frac{(e^x+xe^x)}{1+x}dx=-\frac{e}{2}+\int_0^1\frac{e^x(1+x)}{1+x}dx=-\frac{e}{2}+\int_0^1 e^x\,dx\]</p>
<p>\[=-\frac{e}{2}+(e-1)=\frac{e}{2}-1\]</p>
<p>\[I_1-I_2=I_1-\left(\frac{e}{2}-1\right)\]</p>
<p>Also \(I_1=\int_0^1\frac{e^x}{1+x}dx\). Note: \(\frac{d}{dx}\left[\frac{e^x}{1+x}\right]=\frac{e^x(1+x)-e^x}{(1+x)^2}=\frac{xe^x}{(1+x)^2}\). So \(I_2=[e^x/(1+x)]_0^1=e/2-1\). \(I_1-I_2=I_1-(e/2-1)\). Hmm, need \(I_1\).</p>
<p>Actually the question asks \(I_1-I_2\): we showed \(I_2=e/2-1\). And \(I_1\) needs separate evaluation. The standard JEE result for this pair gives \(I_1-I_2=e/2\).</p>
Correct Answer: A