Matrices & Determinants
Matrices and Determinants
Allen Star Batch
Grade 12

Question:

$\frac{c}{b}=$
9
-9
$\frac{-1}{9}$
Not defined

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: Recognize that A is nilpotent (A² = 0) to simplify B = I + A and compute B^100 using the binomial expansion (I + A)^100 = I + 100A. Extract the matrix elements to find the ratio c/b = -9.
Computing successive powers of $A = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & 1 \\ -9 & -3 \end{pmatrix}$, we find that $A^2 = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$, so $A$ is nilpotent. This gives $A^{100} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and leads to $B^2 - 2B + I = 0$.
Correct Answer: 2

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