Complex Numbers
Modulus – Geometric Interpretation of Distance
Complex Numbers_PYQ
Grade 11

Question:

Let $z_1$ and $z_2$ be two complex numbers satisfying $|z_1| = 9$ and $|z_2 - 3 - 4i| = 4$. Then the minimum value of $|z_1 - z_2|$ is
$1$
$2$
$\sqrt{2}$
$0$

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: When $d + r_2 = r_1$ (internally tangent circles), the two circles touch at exactly one point on the line $OA$, making the minimum distance between a point on each circle equal to zero.
**Step 1: Identify the loci as circles** $z_1$ lies on circle $C_1$: centre $O=(0,0)$, radius $r_1=9$. $z_2$ lies on circle $C_2$: centre $A=3+4i$, radius $r_2=4$. **Step 2: Compute distance between centres** $|OA|=|3+4i|=\sqrt{9+16}=5$. **Step 3: Check relative position** $|OA|+r_2=5+4=9=r_1$. So $C_2$ is internally tangent to $C_1$ — they share exactly one point: $\dfrac{9(3+4i)}{5}$. **Step 4: Conclude minimum distance** Since the circles share a common point, $\min|z_1-z_2|=0$.
Correct Answer: 4

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