Limits, Continuity & Differentiability
Limits involving roots and exponentials
Grade 12
<p>The value of \(\lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{a^n + b^n}\) (where \(a > 0, b > 0\)) is equal to</p>
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: When finding the limit of nth root of sum of exponentials, the dominant term (largest base raised to power n) determines the limit. Factor out the largest term to evaluate.
**Step 1:** The limit to be evaluated is $\lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{a^n + b^n}$.
**Step 2:** Without loss of generality, assume $a \geq b > 0$. Factor out $a^n$ from the expression:
$$ \sqrt[n]{a^n + b^n} = \sqrt[n]{a^n \left(1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n\right)} = a \sqrt[n]{1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n} $$
**Step 3:** Since $a \geq b > 0$, it follows that $0 < \frac{b}{a} \leq 1$. As $n \to \infty$, the term $\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n$ approaches $0$.
Therefore, $1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n \to 1 + 0 = 1$.
**Step 4:** Let $x_n = 1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n$. We have $\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n = 1$.
For any sequence $x_n$ such that $\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n = L$ where $L > 0$, it is a standard property that $\lim_{n \to \infty} x_n^{1/n} = 1$.
Applying this property to our expression:
$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n} = \lim_{n \to \infty} \left(1 + \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^n\right)^{1/n} = 1 $$
Substituting this back into the limit from Step 2:
$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} \sqrt[n]{a^n + b^n} = a \cdot 1 = a $$
If we had assumed $b > a$, a similar argument would yield $b$.
Therefore, the value of the limit is $\max(a,b)$.
Correct Answer: a