Matrices & Determinants
Properties of determinants
Grade Class 12

Question:

Let <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="|" close="|"><mtable><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mn>1</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>2</mn></mtd><mtd><mn>3</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>&#945;</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>&#946;</mi></mtd><mtd><mi>&#947;</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mi>t</mi></math>, where t is an even prime number & &#945;, &#946;, &#947; are the integral roots of the equation x<sup>3</sup> - 14x<sup>2</sup> + Px - 36 = 0. The value of P is -
(A) a rational number
(B) a prime number
(C) an odd natural number
(D) an even natural number

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: The determinant evaluates to (&#947; - &#946;) - (&#947; - &#945;) + (&#946; - &#945;) = &#947; - 2&#946; + &#945; = t. Since t is an even prime, t = 2. Given &#945;, &#946;, &#947; are roots of x^3 - 14x^2 + Px - 36 = 0, we have &#945; + &#946; + &#947; = 14, &#945;&#946; + &#946;&#947; + &#947;&#945; = P, and &#945;&#946;&#947; = 36. Solving for integers, we find roots 2, 6, 6 (not distinct) or others. Checking the condition &#945; + &#947; - 2&#946; = 2 and &#945; + &#946; + &#947; = 14, we get 3&#946; = 12, so &#946; = 4. Then &#945; + &#947; = 10 and &#945;&#947; = 36/4 = 9. Roots are 1 and 9. Thus P = &#945;&#946; + &#946;&#947; + &#947;&#945; = 4(1+9) + 9 = 49.
The determinant is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>1</mn><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#947;</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>&#946;</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>&#947;</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>&#945;</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>&#946;</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#945;</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>&#947;</mi><mo>-</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>&#946;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&#945;</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>t</mi></math>. Since t is an even prime, t = 2. Given roots &#945;, &#946;, &#947; of x<sup>3</sup> - 14x<sup>2</sup> + Px - 36 = 0, we have &#945; + &#946; + &#947; = 14 and &#945;&#946;&#947; = 36. From &#945; + &#947; - 2&#946; = 2 and &#945; + &#946; + &#947; = 14, we get 3&#946; = 12, so &#946; = 4. Then &#945; + &#947; = 10 and &#945;&#947; = 9. The roots are 1, 4, 9. P = &#945;&#946; + &#946;&#947; + &#947;&#945; = 4(1+9) + 9 = 49. 49 is an odd natural number.
Correct Answer: 3

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