Applications of Derivatives
Monotonicity and Number of Roots
Grade 12

Question:

<p>Let <span style='font-style:italic'>f</span>(<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>) = <span style='font-style:italic'>x</span><sup>7</sup> + 14<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span><sup>5</sup> + 16<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span><sup>3</sup> + 30<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span> − 560. Find the number of real solutions.</p>

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept: A strictly increasing continuous function can have at most one real root. Check monotonicity using the derivative.
<p><strong>Step 1:</strong> Find the derivative of <span style='font-style:italic'>f</span>(<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>):</p><p>$$f'(x) = 7x^6 + 70x^4 + 48x^2 + 30$$</p><p><strong>Step 2:</strong> Analyze the sign of <span style='font-style:italic'>f</span>'(<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>):</p><p>Since all coefficients are positive, we have $f'(x) > 0$ for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.</p><p><strong>Step 3:</strong> Conclude:</p><p>Since <span style='font-style:italic'>f</span>'(<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>) > 0 for all <span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>, the function <span style='font-style:italic'>f</span>(<span style='font-style:italic'>x</span>) is strictly increasing on $\mathbb{R}$. A strictly monotonic function crosses the x-axis at most once.</p><p>∴ The number of real solutions is <strong>1</strong>.</p>
Correct Answer: 1

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