From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a cable tower is 60° and the angle of depression of its foot is 45°. Determine the height of the tower.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept: Use right‑angled triangles formed by the line of sight and the horizontal ground. Apply the definition of tangent: \(\tan \theta = \frac{\text{opposite side}}{\text{adjacent side}}\). The angle of depression gives the horizontal distance from the building to the tower foot, and the angle of elevation relates this distance to the height difference between the tower top and the building top.
1. Draw a diagram (described):
- Let \(B\) be the top of the building (height = 7 m above ground).
- Let \(F\) be the foot of the tower on the ground.
- Let \(T\) be the top of the tower (height = \(h\) meters above ground).
- The horizontal line through \(B\) meets the ground at a point directly below \(B\); the line \(BF\) makes an angle of depression \(45^{\circ}\) with this horizontal.
- The line of sight \(BT\) makes an angle of elevation \(60^{\circ}\) with the same horizontal.
- Both \(BF\) and \(BT\) share the same horizontal distance \(x = BF = BT_{\text{horizontal}}\).
2. Use the angle of depression (45°) to find the horizontal distance \(x\):
\[
\tan 45^{\circ} = \frac{\text{vertical drop}}{\text{horizontal distance}} = \frac{7}{x}
\]
Since \(\tan 45^{\circ}=1\), we get \(1 = \frac{7}{x}\) ⇒ \(x = 7\) metres.
3. Use the angle of elevation (60°) to relate \(x\) to the height of the tower:
The vertical difference between the tower top and the building top is \(h-7\). Hence,
\[
\tan 60^{\circ} = \frac{h-7}{x}
\]
With \(\tan 60^{\circ}=\sqrt{3}\) and \(x = 7\),
\[
\sqrt{3} = \frac{h-7}{7}
\]
Multiply both sides by 7:
\[
h - 7 = 7\sqrt{3}
\]
Therefore,
\[
h = 7 + 7\sqrt{3} = 7(1+\sqrt{3})\text{ metres}
\]
4. Numerical value (optional):
\(\sqrt{3} \approx 1.732\), so
\[
h \approx 7(1 + 1.732) = 7 \times 2.732 \approx 19.1\text{ m}
\]
Answer: The height of the cable tower is \(7(1+\sqrt{3})\) metres (approximately \(19.1\) m).
Correct Answer: 7(1+\sqrt{3}) \text{ m} \; (\approx 19.1 \text{ m})